Korean Wooden Statue Pair Older Man and Mother With Baby

Marriage in Due south Korea

Matrimony in Korea mirrors many of the practices and expectations of marriages in other societies. Mod practices are a combination of millennia-old traditions and global influences.

Marriage in Pre-Modern Korea [edit]

Marriage During the Koryo Period (918-1392) [edit]

Marriages during the Koryo Period were made primarily on the basis of political and economical considerations, at least among the aristocracy.

King T'aejo, the founder of the Koryo Dynasty, had 29 queens with which he built alliances with other aristocratic families. However, he married all simply two of his daughters to their half brothers, rather than using them to further build and affirm alliances. A strategy connected past his successors.^[1] The do of marrying royal daughters to half brothers ended under the insistence of the Mongol Empire, and the Mongol and Korean royal families exchanged princesses.^{[1] : lx} The kings of Goryeo married the regal princesses of the Yuan dynasty (Mongol Empire), kickoff with the spousal relationship of Rex Chungnyeol to a girl of Kublai Khan. Cousin marriage was common in the early on Koryo Period, and non-royal aristocrats married daughters to half brothers of different mothers also. However, such consanguineous marriages were gradually prohibited by banning such individuals' children from attaining positions in the state bureaucracy and later came to labeled as adulterous only often persisted despite these sanctions.^[1]

In dissimilarity with the prevailing custom of patrilocal residence for married couples during the Choson Menses and mod era, Koreans of the Koryo Flow information technology was non uncommon for a husband to matrilocally reside with his wife and her parents subsequently spousal relationship.^[ane] Wedding ceremonies were held at the dwelling of the helpmate's family and the average age of spousal relationship was belatedly teens with aristocrats marrying earlier than commoners.^[1] Weddings included gift exchange and a feast, which were meant to display the helpmate's family'due south wealth.^[1] At that place was no substitution of helpmate wealth or dowry.^[1] Marriages were often arranged past matchmakers.^[one] Koryo order was highly stratified and kinship and status were determined bilaterally, including the status and relatives of both mothers and fathers.^[1] Thus, different during the Choson Catamenia, brides and husbands remained members of both their natal kin group and their affinal family after union. Marriage ideally did not lead to the division of the household into smaller units and families preferred to retain their daughters later on matrimony, with or without their husbands. The prospect of an inheritance from in-laws may have been a meaning motivation for husbands to have upwards residence with their wives' Kin.^[ane] Inheritance was not determined by primogeniture and both sons and daughters received equal shares of inheritance from their parents.^[1]

Although plural marriages were practiced, wives and their offspring were non ranked and each had equal claim equally heirs. Marriages could easily be broken by husbands or wives.^[i] A adult female who remarried as well frequently could gain a negative reputation equally promiscuous, simply Koreans of the Koryo dynasty were not seen equally prudish, at least by Chinese standards of the time.^[1] In that location were no prohibitions confronting widows remarrying apart from having to find a period of mourning.^[ane] Offspring of a widower were retained past their mother and her family.^[ane]

Marriage During the Joseon Period (1392-1910) [edit]

Distinctions were introduced at the start of the Joseon dynasty, in simulated of feudal majestic China, which distinguished chief and secondary wives, thereby clarifying the line of succession.^[1] Essential criteria for a primary married woman was that she entered her married man's family as a virgin, and that she could not be descended from low-class ancestry in the case of marriages to noblemen, who, at the introduction of this rule, were forced to choose which of their already multiple wives to designate as primary. In imitation of the Ming criminal code, master wives could not be divorced for another, and wives' rankings could not exist re-ordered.^[i] The purpose of the reform ranking wives was to increase the clarity of distinctions of social status across social club.^[1] From then on elites generally chose their starting time wives from fellow Yangban families, while choosing secondary wives from the lower classes, increasing the stardom between the Yangban aristocracy and commoners.^[1]

During this period patrilocal residence afterward marriage became the norm through royally dictated changes to laws governing mourning obligations and inheritance rights.^[ane] This shift was accomplished in part through increasingly strict restrictions on consanguineous marriages, first outlawing wedlock to matrilinial beginning cousins, then extending to second cousins and ultimately expanding to prohibit marriage between individuals of the same surname by 1669.^[1] In 1427 some other Chinese law was adopted that fixed the marriageable age of first marriage at 15-years of historic period for men and xiv-years for women, although if a parent was chronically sick or elderly (over 50) the spousal relationship age limit could be lowered to 12.^[1] The rationale for preventing early wedlock was the conventionalities that children married as well immature would not be sufficiently socialized to sympathize the duties of spouses and likewise thus incapable of properly socializing their own children.^[1] However, this constabulary was frequently violated.^[1] Aloof Yangban men tended to marry younger than commoners.^[one] Concern among legislators over the perceived lack of marriageable women led to the passage of laws that made families field of study to punishment for failing to marry her off at an appropriate fourth dimension.^[1]

Union in Democratic people's republic of korea [edit]

Following the institution of communist regime in North Korea in the tardily 1940s, the regulations on family unit matters between North and Due south started to diverge, as the Due north Korean government chop-chop introduced a set of new laws and regulations affecting family unit law. One of the impetus for new laws was a revolutionary rhetoric endorsing gender equality^[2] (however, gender equality in Democratic people's republic of korea remains a major result, with well-nigh independent observes last that North korea is however far from achieving a parity between genders^[3]).

Engagement is non legally recognized. Wedlock is immune at age 18 (for boys) and 17 (for girls). Unlike in South korea, there are no legal provisions regulating or banning marriage betwixt persons in cases of consanguinity or other types of familial relations. Divorce is immune, field of study to administrative approval.^[2]

As of the late 2010s, spousal relationship rates in North Korea have been reported as very loftier (over 96% of adults aged xxx+ are married), and divorce rates equally very low (less than 1% of North Korean population is classified equally separated or divorce according to official data).^[4]

Arranged union is still pop in North Korea.^[5]

Marriage in Southward Korea [edit]

Eligibility and Prohibitions [edit]

Marriage in Republic of korea is currently restricted to unions between individuals of the opposite sex every bit same-sex marriages remain unrecognized.^[6] Males over 18 and females over xvi years old may marry with their parents' or guardians' consent. Otherwise South Korea's age of consent to union is 20 in Korean age (nineteen in international historic period). 20 years of age is likewise the age of consent for sexual activity.^[seven] These age limits refer to 1's lunar calendar based historic period, which tend to be one or two years greater than one's solar age. South korea also recognizes what information technology calls "De Facto Marriages" equivalent to "Common Police force Marriages" of couples who have non legally registered their marriage but who have either i. made it publicly known that their relationship is akin to a marriage, 2. had a public nuptials anniversary, or 3. have been cohabiting equally though they are married.^[7]

Marriage inside the same bequeathed association [edit]

Prior to 2005 marriage between two individuals of the same clan violated Korean incest taboos and was illegal while matrimony between individuals of the same surname was socially prohibited.^[eight] As of the mid 1990s, 55% of South korea's population shared ane of v surnames: Kim, Park, Lee, Choi and Jung; and 40% of Southward Koreans claim membership in one of three major clans: the Kimhae Kim clan, Chonju Lee clan, and the Milyang Park clan.^[8] This codified prohibition was inspired by similar taboos in Tang People's republic of china during Korea's late Choson Dynasty, which strove to realize Confucian ideals of governance and social guild.^{[9] [x]}

Traditional wedding ceremonies [edit]

Korean traditional wedding anniversary.

Korean Bridal Doll, c. 1800-1894, from the Oxford College Archives of Emory Academy

• Pre-ceremony

Traditional Korean weddings are based around and centered on traditional Confucian values. Every aspect of the wedding, from the arrangement of the union to the ceremony and postal service celebrations, had important and elaborate steps to go along with them. In traditional Korean culture, like many traditional cultures, marriage between a man and a woman were decided by the helpmate and groom'southward elders. As in Confucian values family and the community of a family is placed above all. Matrimony is considered the most important passage in one's life. This is not only the union betwixt two individuals but two families. Additionally, a marriage was a way, particularly among elite families, of developing and/or maintaining a social condition. For these reasons, a significant amount of time was spent in preparation before finally performing the actual hymeneals ritual.

The first stride is chosen the Eui hon, or 'matchmaking', this is when both the bride and groom's families discuss the possibility of wedlock. Diverse factors are taken into consideration such as: social status, personality, advent, academic and/or agricultural (industrial) achievements, also as cloth harmony as predicted by a fortuneteller. "In general the Eui hon is determined when the bridegroom-side sends a proposal alphabetic character of marriage and the helpmate-side sends a reply letter which permits this marriage."^[eleven] One time the response from the bride is sent back to the groom, if agreed, the groom and so sets up a date for the ceremony. This second step is called Napchae, or 'date setting'. The groom'southward year, month, twenty-four hour period, and hour (according to the lunar calendar), which is known as Saju, is written on a paper and wrapped in bamboo branches and tied with blood-red and blue thread. Lastly, the packet is wrapped with a crimson and bluish textile and sent to the brides family. The birthdate of the groom is sent to a fortuneteller which sets the date based on the Saju. That engagement is so sent back to the groom. The final step in pre-ceremonial traditions is called the Napp'ae, or exchanging valuables. Once the engagement is ready the groom and so sends a box to the bride which is known equally a Ham. In the Ham there is typically three items. The Hanseo, the Ch'aedan, and the Honsu. Of the three the most important is the Hanseo, or matrimony papers. This is given to the helpmate in dedication to midweek only one husband. The wife is expected to keep this paper forever; upon death the papers are buried with the wife equally well. The Ch'aedan is a set of red and blue cloths which is used to make apparel. The red and blue is a representation of the Yin/Yang philosophy. Lastly the Honsu, is a variety of other gifts given to the brides family. This can include household appurtenances, jewelry and wearing apparel.^[12]

• Ceremony

In ancient times, weddings (Honrye) were held in the bride'due south grand or house. The groom traveled by horse to the helpmate's house and afterward the wedding anniversary took his wife in a palanquin (sedan chair) to his parents' house to alive. The bride and groom wore formal court costumes for the wedding anniversary. Ordinary people were permitted to wear the luxurious clothes simply on their wedding twenty-four hours. Hand lanterns are used for lighting the way from the groom's home to the bride's abode on the dark before the wedding. Traditionally, the groom's family would deport a wedding breast filled with gifts for the bride's family. Nuptials geese are a symbol for a long and happy marriage. Cranes are a symbol of long life and may be represented on the adult female's sash. Pairs of wooden Mandarin duck carvings called wedding ducks are frequently used in traditional wedding ceremony ceremonies because they represent peace, fidelity, and plentiful offspring.

• Attires for helpmate and groom

The women'south attire includes a jeogori (저고리; short jacket with long sleeves) with two long ribbons which are tied to class the otgoreum (옷고름). A chima (치마), a full-length, loftier-waisted, wrap-around skirt is worn. Boat-shaped shoes made of silk, are worn with white cotton socks. The bride'due south attire might include a white sash with pregnant symbols or flowers. A headpiece or crown may too exist worn. The norigae (노리개) is a hanbok (한복) ornament which has been worn by all classes of Korean women for centuries. Information technology is tied to the brim or the ribbon on the jacket. The knot on the summit is called the Maedeup (매듭). A jacket (jeogori, 저고리) and trousers and an overcoat are worn. The jacket has loose sleeves, the trousers are roomy and tied with straps at the ankles. A belong may be worn over the shirt. A blackness hat could be worn. The wedding ceremony costume for men is besides known as gwanbok for the groom.^[13]

Modern style wedding ceremonies [edit]

In larger cities, luxury hotels volition have 'wedding halls' or ballrooms used specifically for wedding ceremony ceremonies. These rooms are decorated with a wedding motif and are rented to couples. Other wedding halls are independent facilities that can conform several different weddings at in one case. Today, many couples will initially take a more than 'Westernized' ceremony with tuxedo attire and white wedding gown, so keep with a smaller-calibration, traditional Korean wedding afterwards the main ceremony.

Samsung Wedding Hall in Seoul.

(video) A modern fashion wedding ceremony in South Korea (2007).

Practices earlier wedding anniversary [edit]

Wedding halls [edit]

Whereas a hotel ballroom or church must retain the flexibility necessary for other functions, independent nuptials halls are able to focus strictly on weddings, and even cater to specific themes. Weddings in luxurious hotels had been prohibited by the regime in 1980, became partly permitted in 1994, and became completely permitted in 1999.^[14]

In busier hymeneals halls, formality (except for the couple and their families) is typically relaxed compared to Western standards. At that place may be a cafe hall on one floor in which guests from all of the unlike weddings come for a meal, either before or after the ceremony, which may accept no longer than 20 minutes. The well-nigh common souvenir for a new couple is greenbacks, and in the hall outside the wedding salon, representatives from the couple's families volition collect and log donations.

The official anniversary in front of the guests is followed by Pyebaek, which is a anniversary amidst family members exclusively. The helpmate formally greets her new parents-in-law after the wedding ceremony ceremony. Additionally, the groom oft gives a piggy back ride to his mother and so his bride, symbolizing his acceptance of his obligations to both his mother and married woman.

Wedding feast and reception [edit]

The modernistic Korean wedding feast or reception, (kyeolhon piroyeon, 결혼피로연, 結婚披露宴) can be a mix of traditional and western cultures. At a traditional hymeneals feast a guest would expect to discover bulgogi (불고기, marinated charcoal-broil beef strips), galbi (갈비, marinated short ribs), a diversity of kimchi (pickled cabbage with a variety of spices, with other ingredients such as radishes, seafood). There will be many accompanying bowls of sauces for dipping.

The repast is e'er accompanied with a vast quantity of white, sticky rice (밥) likewise as gimbap (김밥), which is rice, egg, spinach, crab meat, pickled radish, and other ingredients rolled in seaweed and sliced into 1-inch rounds. Mandu (만두), dumplings filled with cabbage, carrot, meat, spinach, garlic, onion, chive, and clear noodle. These dumplings may be deep-fried or steamed. Soup will be offered, very ofttimes a kimchi type, or a rice cake soup (rice dumplings with chicken broth), or doenjang jigae, a fermented soybean paste soup.

Also pop are a calorie-free broth boiled from dried anchovies and vegetable soups rendered from stale spinach, sliced radish or stale seaweed. Steamed rice cakes (tteok) sometimes embellished with aromatic mugwort leaves or dusted with toasted soy, barley, or millet flour are presented as a tasty ritual nutrient. A big diverseness of fruits, such every bit Korean pears, and pastries will be offered for dessert. A spoon and chopsticks are used for eating.

Electric current practise [edit]

As of 2020, co-ordinate to Korea National Statistical Role, the average age of first union is 33.ii for men and xxx.8 for women.^[15] In a large number of marriages, the male is older than the female. This age disparity is commonly intentional. In 2013, the average cost of a wedding ceremony per person surpassed 50 one thousand thousand won.^[16]

Marriages between Koreans and non-Koreans [edit]

2020 Transnational marriage in Republic of korea^[17]

Korean women + Foreign husbands			Korean men + Foreign wives
Land	Cases	%	Country	Cases	%
United states (mostly ethnic Korean)	1,101	25.9	Vietnam	3,136	28.2
Communist china (mostly ethnic Korean)	942	22.2	China (generally Han Chinese)	ii,524	22.seven
Canada	257	6	Thailand	1,735	15.6
Japan	135	3.1	Japan	758	6.8
			United States	432	three.viii
			Philippines	367	3.three
			Russia	275	2.4
Others	i,806	42.v	Others	1,873	16.8
Total	iv,241	100	Total	11,100	100

The number of mixed marriages in Korea has increased due to a number of factors, amongst them the high number of Koreans studying abroad or traveling and a percent of men living in rural areas where men outnumber women by a significant margin. As the earth becomes more interconnected with the development of the net, dating network sites or social network sites provide a medium for couples to interact.^[18] The bulk of 'mixed' marriages are between Korean men and strange women. Since 2005, the number of international marriages in Korea has been on the decline. Virtually 7% of couples who married in 2020 were international couples.^[17]

Since at that place is lack of population of women in rural areas of South Korea, some men rely on marriage brokers and agencies to set up a marriage with a post-social club bride, by and large from southeast Asian countries like Vietnam and Thailand, as well every bit Uzbekistan and Nepal.^{[19] [twenty]} Marriages between South Korean men and foreign women are often arranged by marriage brokers or international religious groups. Men pay money to match-up and meet their spouse on the moment of their arrival to South korea. There is mounting testify to suggest that there is a statistically higher level of poverty and divorce in the Korean men married to foreign women cohort.^{[21] [22] [23]} Currently divorces betwixt Koreans and foreign spouses make upward ten% of the total Korean divorce rate. Although these marriages can exist successful, in some cases immigrant wives are misunderstood and isolated from their Korean husbands.^{[ commendation needed ]}

Virtually Chinese women marrying Korean men are ethnic Han Chinese, and nearly Chinese men marrying Korean women are indigenous Korean-Chinese(조선족).^[24] Most American men married to Korean women are Korean-American.^[25] About 97% of Korean women who married Vietnamese men in 2020 were remarried persons. They were Vietnamese women who married Korean men and divorced subsequently acquiring nationality.^[17]

As linguistic communication and cultural differences go an issue many foreign brides do endure from cultural differences which also affects the social integration of their children. The children of inter-racial marriage families called "Damunhwa" significant multicultural family, confront identity crunch and racial abuse as they endeavour to digest into Korean society.^[26] Since negative social perception of foreign marriage agencies and brides from these agencies exist too as extreme conformity of one-race Koreans, these children suffer from lack of sense of belongingness and feel abused from isolation.^[27]

As a means of reducing hereafter bug, the regime is setting up programs for men who are thinking of marrying a foreign woman through a collaboration between the Ministry of Gender Equality and the Ministry building of Justice.^[28] Besides, the Ministry of Health, Welfare and Family Affairs is offer programs to help strange wives to attempt to adjust to Korean lodge through Healthy Family Support Centers nationwide.^[29]

Multicultural Family unit Support Centers in South Korea are operated and funded past the Ministry building of Gender Equality and Family unit. The aim and purpose of these centers are to provide family education, counseling and cultural services for multicultural families, to support the early settlement of immigrant women in Korean club, and to assist multicultural families savor stable family lives.^[28] By collaborating with local cities and provinces, the Support Centers manage to provide basic but necessary services to local women such as Korean linguistic communication and cultural education services, translation and interpretation services, childcare support services, child teaching back up services, employment & venture back up services.

Aforementioned-sex union [edit]

Same-sex marriage is not legally recognised in Southward Korea. Homosexuality is strongly criticized in mainstream Korean society, and many Koreans consider homosexuality to be a Western miracle. Despite the illegality of same-sex marriage in Korea, though, some gay couples are having non-legal individual ceremonies. Movie managing director and producer Kim-Jho Gwang-soo had a individual not-legal ceremony with Kim Seung-hwan, the head of the gay moving picture distributor Rainbow Factory in September 2013.^[30] Kim Jho held a public, non-legal wedding ceremony with film distributor David Kim Seung-hwan (his same-sex partner since 2004), in Seoul on September vii, 2013, the first of its kind in the country which does not recognize same-sex marriages.^[31] In Seoul on November 10, 2019, Kim Gyu-Jin, the openly lesbian married her partner in public.^[32] She wrote a book about her lesbian marriage experience in Korea called ''Unni, will you ally me?"(ko: 언니, 나랑 결혼할래요?)^[33] On May 7, 2020, she and her partner filed a marriage registration with the Jongno-Gu Office simply they received a notice of non-repair.^[34]

Types of wedlock and courtship [edit]

Love marriage [edit]

"Honey" matrimony, as it is often called in South korea, has become common in the past few decades. The expression refers to the matrimony of two people who run across and fall in love without going through matchmakers or family-arranged meetings. Most often, the bride and groom first met on a blind engagement bundled by friends, on a group date, at their workplace, or while in college or university. South Korean families accept this type of marriage more readily than they used to.

Divorce and remarriage [edit]

Remarriage is becoming more common in South Korea. According to South Korean government statistics reported in the Korea Times newspaper, the number of remarriages went upwardly 16.1 per centum to 44,355 in 2004.^[35] The number of elderly Koreans remarrying has doubled since 1995.^[36] The number of divorces reached 114,707 in 2012.^[37] The South Korean marriage agency Duo showtime began ad its remarriage services in 2006.

Weather condition for divorce fall under one or more of half dozen possible conditions:^[38] ane. If the other spouse has committed an act of adultery; 2. If one spouse maliciously deserted the other spouse; iii. If one spouse has extremely maltreated the other spouse or his or her lineal ascendants; 4. If ane spouse's lineal ascendant has extremely maltreated the other spouse; v. If the death or life of the other spouse has been unknown for iii years; and 6. If there exists any other serious cause for making information technology difficult to continue the union.

References [edit]

1. ^ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k fifty m n o p q r s t u 5 w x y z} Deuchler, Martina (1992). The Confucian transformation of Korea : a study of club and ideology. Cambridge, Mass.: Council on East Asian Studies, Harvard University. ISBN0674160886. OCLC 26013447.
2. ^ ^{a b} KIM, CHIN (1973). "Police force of Union and Divorce in N Korea". The International Lawyer. 7 (4): 906–917. ISSN 0020-7810.
3. ^ Jung, Kyungja; Dalton, Bronwen (2006-10-01). "Rhetoric Versus Reality for the Women of North Korea: Mothers of the Revolution". Asian Survey. 46 (5): 741–760. doi:ten.1525/every bit.2006.46.five.741. ISSN 0004-4687.
4. ^ Stephen, Elizabeth Hervey (2016-01-02). "Korean unification: a solution to the challenges of an increasingly elderly population?". Asian Population Studies. 12 (ane): 50–67. doi:10.1080/17441730.2015.1130326. ISSN 1744-1730.
5. ^ "Interview on Marriage in Democratic people's republic of korea". Koryo Studio. 2020-05-08. Retrieved 2021-05-25 .
6. ^ "Information for Expats Living, Moving, Visiting, Working in Korea". world wide web.korea4expats.com . Retrieved 2018-12-06 .
7. ^ ^{a b} "Southward Korea Historic period of Consent & Statutory Rape Laws". www.ageofconsent.internet . Retrieved 2018-12-06 .
8. ^ ^{a b} Wudunn, Sheryl (1996-09-eleven). "Korea's Romeos and Juliets, Cursed by Their Name". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2018-12-06 .
9. ^ Johnson, Wallace Stephen, ed. (1979). The Tʻang code. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press. ISBN0691092397. OCLC 4933695.
10. ^ Deuchler, Martina (1992). The Confucian transformation of Korea : a study of society and ideology. Cambridge, Mass.: Council on East Asian Studies, Harvard University. ISBN0674160886. OCLC 26013447.
11. ^ "Seoul Metropolis Tour | S Korea Package Bout(Travel) | DMZ Tour". www.seoulcitytour.net . Retrieved 2015-12-06 .
12. ^ Kendall, Laurel (1996-05-01). Getting Married in Korea: Of Gender, Morality, and Modernity . University of California Printing. ISBN9780520916784.
13. ^ "HugeDomains.com - MyKoreanWedding.com is for sale (My Korean Nuptials)". www.mykoreanwedding.com.
14. ^ "Daum 미디어다음 - 뉴스" (in Korean). News.media.daum.internet. Archived from the original on 2005-12-xv. Retrieved 2013-01-23 .
15. ^ "Marriage and Divorce Statistics 2020". Korea National Statistical Function.
16. ^ "Average price of getting married hits over 50 mln won per person". The Korea Observer. 22 Oct 2013. Retrieved 22 October 2013.
17. ^ ^{a b c} "Vital Statistics(Live Birth,Death,Marriage,Divorce)". kosis. kosis. Retrieved 10 June 2021.
18. ^ Shin, Hae-In (2006-08-03). "Korea Greets New Era of Multiculturalism". The Korea Herald. Retrieved 2012-04-twenty .
19. ^ "'Paper marriages' and the peddling of false hopes in Nepal". www.ucanews.com.
20. ^ Sang-Hun, Choe (2005-06-24). "Foreign brides challenge Due south Korean prejudices". The New York Times.
21. ^ international couples suffer poverty ^{[ permanent expressionless link ]}
22. ^ hankooki.com 2005 October ^{[ permanent expressionless link ]}
23. ^ "Asian men seek brides from poorer nations - USATODAY.com". www.usatoday.com.
24. ^ "2017 통계연보". 이민정보과. 법무부.
25. ^ "Seoul Shinmun". Seoul Shinmun. Retrieved 10 June 2021.
26. ^ "Multicultural families help make Korea more open order". 2011-08-21. Retrieved 2018-05-24 .
27. ^ [1] ^{[ permanent dead link ]}
28. ^ ^{a b} "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2011-04-nineteen. Retrieved 2013-01-14 . {{cite spider web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
29. ^ "Increment in Intercultural Marriages". korea4expats . Retrieved 2018-05-24 .
30. ^ Tae-hoon, Lee (8 September 2013). "Korea celebrates outset public gay nuptials". The Korea Observer . Retrieved 22 October 2013.
31. ^ Kim Jho Gwangsoo
32. ^ "결혼만 했을 뿐인데, 9시 뉴스에 나왔습니다". 오마이뉴스 (in Korean). 2020-07-05. Retrieved 2021-05-17 .
33. ^ 수정: 2020.06.26 23:31, 입력: 2020 06 26 17:55 (2020-06-26). "[화제의 책]"동성 결혼도 30년 뒤엔 아무것도 아닐거야"". news.khan.co.kr (in Korean). Retrieved 2021-05-17 .
34. ^ 정윤경 (2020-05-27). "[SNS 세상] 동성 부부, 혼인신고서 이례적 대면 제출…이유는". 연합뉴스 (in Korean). Retrieved 2021-05-17 .
35. ^ [2] ^{[ dead link ]}
36. ^ "The Korea Times". Times.hankooki.com. Retrieved 2013-01-23 .
37. ^ "Number of divorces hit 114,781 in 2012". The Korea Observer. 20 Oct 2013. Retrieved 22 October 2013.
38. ^ "Grounds for Divorce in Korea: Korean Divorce Law Basics". 2018-09-12.

Further reading [edit]

• Norimitsu Onishi, Divorce in South Korea Striking a New Attitude, The New York Times, 21 September 2003
• Dennis Hart (2003). From Tradition to Consumption: Amalgam a Capitalist Culture in South Korea . Seoul: Writer. ISBN978-89-88095-44-7.
• Kendall, Laurel (1996). Getting Married in Korea: Of Gender, Morality, and Modernity . University of California Press. ISBN978-0-520-20200-9.

External links [edit]

• Norimitsu Onishi, Korean Men Use Brokers to Find Brides in Vietnam, The New York Times, 22 February 2007
• Paul Wiseman, Asian men seek brides from poorer nations, United states Today, 27 February 2008
• Differences betwixt Southward & North Korean Wedding

loyaharriew.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marriage_in_Korea